[스크랩] Re:Re:Truth in Scholarship 학문에 있어서 진실

Truth in Scholarship

Truth in Scholarship
학문에 있어서 진실

Unfortunately, when a country dominates another, the first thing lost is the truth. It is equally true that those who control a country also control its history. Such was the case of Korea, when it was occupied by Japan (1910~1945)

불행하게도, 한 나라가 다른 나라를 지배하게 될때, 처음으로 잃어버리는 것은 진실이다.한 나라를 지배하는 나라가 그 나라의 역사또한 지배하는 것도 사실이다.그러한 경우는 일본이 한국을 강제 점령했을 때(1910년부터 1945년) 발생했다

From the middle to late nineteenth century, near the close of the Chosun Dynasty, Japan had designs on the Korean peninsula, in its first step toward forming a Greater Japanese Empire.
19세기 후반에 조선왕조, 일본은 한반도를 대일본제국이라는 이름 아래 설계했다

In order to get other nations to accept its eventual annexation and colonization of Korea, it first needed to establish historical precedent that it once controlled that country.
궁국적으로 한국을 식민지화하고 다른 나라를 합병하기 위한 방안이었고, 이를 위해서 일본은 과거에도 그 나라를 점령했었다는 역사적인 전레를 세우는 것이 필요했다.

To that end, Japan altered history, ranging from distorting historical facts all the way to downright fabricating them. Those fabrications have been well documented, but still many Western historians accept the distorted history of Korea as fact.
그래서 일본은 역사적 사실에 대한 왜곡에서부터 터무니 없는 거짓말까지 광범위하게 한국 역사를 바꾸어버렸다. 이와 같은 터무니 없이 왜곡된 내용은 문서화가 되었고,많은 서양학자들은 여전히 그러한 왜곡된 한국역사를 사실로서 받아들이고 있다.

How can that be?
어떻게 이런일이 발생할수 있을까?

When Korea finally opened its doors to the West, in 1882, after signing a treaty with the United States, then other countries, it was a relatively poor, technologically deficient country, in relation to Japan.
한국인이 서양에 문호를 개방한때는 미국의 조약에 서명한 이후인 1882년이다.이것은 일본과 관련해서볼 때 기술적으로 불평등한 조약이었다.

Japan had opened up about three decades earlier and embraced Western technology and eagerly sought modernization.
일본은 한국보다 30년 앞서 문호를 개방했고 서양의 기술과 근대화를 속히 받아들였다

While Korea was, many centuries earlier, the big brother of Japan, it decayed into just a poor cousin with the dying Chosun Dynasty. 반면에 과거 수세기 전에는 일본의 큰 형 역활을 했던 한국은 저물어져가는 조선왕조와 더불어 쇠약해져 같다.

Korea's introduction to the West was through Japan, so that country controlled what information about Korea was conveyed to other countries, to a great extent.
서양에 알려진 한국에 대한 많은 소개 부분은 일본이 한국의 정보를 지배하기 위해서 이루어졌다.

When the annexation and colonization of Korea happened, the history of Korea, as written by Japan, was basically written in stone and accepted as the truth.
한국이 일본에 의해 합병과 식민지가 되었을 때 일본이 작성된 한국의 역사는 돌에 박힌 사실처럼 받아들여 졌다.

What are some of the fallacies about Korea? Probably, the biggest one is of 'Mimana', known in Korean as "Imna Ilbon Bu'.
한국에 대한 잘못된 부분은 어떤 것이 있을까? 아마 가장 큰 부분은 “임나”한국인들에게 “임나일본부” 로 알려진 내용일것이다

In reality, Imna was really no more than a Japanese trading post, during the Three Kingdoms Period, on the very southern tip of the Korean peninsula, near Busan.
실제로, 임나는 3국시대에 한반도의 남쪽, 부산지역이 있었던 무역 거점 이상의 것이 아니었다.

According to the Japanese version, Imna mirrored the territory of the Kaya Federation. The Japanese even claim having subdued the Shilla Kingdom!
일본역사에 의하면, 임나는 가야 연방의 영토를 반영하는것으로 소개된다일본인은 신라왕조까지도 점령한것처럼 소개하기까지 한다.

In reality, the Japanese, who allied themselves with Kaya and the Baekje Kingdom, were little more than mercenary pirates, from a country that, at that time, had no real central government and had severe feudal problems of their own.
실제로, 가야, 백제와 동맹한 일본인은 돈에 따라 움직이는 해적이나 다름없었다.그당시 일본은 중앙 정부가 없었고, 심각한 봉건 문제들을 안고 있었다

That is hardly a national military force capable of conquering another nation.
그것이 왜 일본정부가 다른 나라를 대상으로 군사적인 점령을 할수 없었는지를 보여주는 이유이다

Archaeological and historical evidence has shown that, in actuality, Korea is largely responsible for the founding of the Japanese imperial family. Of course, it is not something that is widely accepted, or even discussed, in Japan.
실제로 고고학, 역사적 증거가 그것을 보여준다. 한국은 일본 황실을 형성하는데 큰 역할을 했다. 물론 그것은 넓게 받아들여지지 않고 있지만 일본에서 논의가 되고 있다.

Japan tried again to gain a foothold in Korea in the late sixteenth century, during the reign of Hideyoshi of Japan.
일본은 16세기 후반 히데요시 집권기에 한국에 발판을 마련하고자 했다

Largely, Japan succeeded, but due to naval defeats, along with political upheavals at home, they gave up. Relative peace existed for the next two and a half centuries. Japan tried gaining influence in Korea, but was rebuffed time and time again.
그러나 해군에서 패함과 일본 국내에서의 정치적 격변으로 포기했다. 비교적 평화가 다음 2세기 반동안 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 일본은 여러 번 한국에 영향을 행사하고자 했지만 여러 차례 좌절되었다.

It wasn't until after the fall of the Daewongoon (the regent of Korea and father of future King Kojong) that Japan finally had its chance. In 1875, Japan launched an attack on Korea and in 1876 secured a treaty with that country.
대원군( 한국의 고종황제의 아버지)이 물러난후에 일본은 마침내 그 기회를 얻었다1875년 일본은 한국을 공격했고, 1876년에 한국과 조약을 체결했다.

Just a few short years later, Western countries joined in and basically carved up the peninsula into spheres of influence. Korea's historic suzerain relationship with China was terminated, and Korea became a pawn in international geopolitics.
몇 년 후에 서양의 나라들이 한반도를 분할하여 영향권을 행사했다.한국에 대한 중국의 영향권도 종결되었다. 그리고 한국은 국제 지정학적인 전당이 되었다.

In 1905, Korea's sad fate was sealed when the United States and Japan agreed on regions of influence in the Taft?Katsura Memorandum. In return for recognizing Japan's control of Korea, Japan would likewise recognize the United States' control of the Philippines.
1905년, 미국이 일본과 가쓰라 테프트 조약, 미국이 필리핀을 점령하는 조건으로 일본의 한반도 점령을 인정한다는 조약을 체결할 때 한국의 슬픈 운명은 예견되었다

When King Kojong tried to show to the world Japan's aggressive policy toward Korea, at the Peace Conference at The Hague, in 1907, Japan responded by forcing King Kojong to abdicate the throne.
고종황제가 1907년 헤이그에서 열렸던 평화 회의에서 한국을 향한 일본의 공격적인 정책을 전세계에 알리려고 노력했을 때, 일본은 고종황제를 강제적으로 권좌에서 물러나게 했다

Korea was one step closer to not existing as a sovereign nation (and it really only had sovereignty then, in name only).
한국은 주권이 존재하지 않는 국가로 가는데 한걸음 더 접근했다

From that time on, Korea had no chance at all of showing to the world its true history. Japan now controlled the country, so it also controlled its history.
그때부터 한국은 외국에 한국의 바른 역사를 알릴 기회를 얻지 못했다.일본은 한국을 지배했고, 또한 한국의 역사도 지배했다.

The Japanese completely rewrote Korean history, and even Koreans themselves were forced to learn a very distorted version.
일본인이 한국역사를 완전히 새로 다시 작성했을 때, 한국인은 그들 자신도 일본에 의해 왜곡된 한국역사를 배우기를 강요당했다.

Fortunately, for Korea and the world, Koreans would not so easily give up the truth.
다행히, 한국인은 진실을 알리려는 노력을 그렇게 쉽게 포기하지 않았다

Though many records were lost or destroyed, many others survived.Still, it is an uphill battle to change the world's perception of Korea and its history.
비록 많은 기록이 손실되고 파괴되었지만, 다른 많은 것은 복원되었지만. 여전히 외국의 한국에 대한 인식과 역사를 변화시키기 위한 노력은 진행중이다.

Even though Japan lost World War Two militarily, it won the war economically and scholastically. Japan was quickly rebuilt with Western help, while Korea was, for the most part, forced to pull itself up by its own bootstraps.
일본이 2차 세계대전으로 군사를 잃어버렸을지라도 경제적으로 학문적으로는 전쟁에서 이겼다. 일본은 서양의 도움으로 서둘러 재건했다. 반면에 한국은 대부분 혼자힘으로 일어서야만 했다.

Korea was perceived by the rest of the world as a backward cesspool, while Japan, once the darling of Asia, was welcomed back into the fold of Westernized nations
한국은 세계의 나라로부터 후진국으로 인식되어왔고, 반면 일본은 아시아의 애인, 서양의 나라로부터 환영받는 나라로 간주되어왔다.

The fratricidal war on the peninsula five years after WWII did not help the West's perception.
2차 세계대전이후 5년후에 한반도에서 발생한 동족상잔의 전쟁은 한국에 대한 서양학자들의 인식을 변화시키는데 어떠한 도움이 되지 않았다

As Japan was seen as cultured and scholarly, and the histories written about Korea by Japanese sources were really the only ones in English, they continued to be accepted as factual.
영어로 된 한국에 대한 역사는 일본에 의해 작성된 것이 유일했다. 그리고 그것들은 사실로서 받아들여졌다.

Korean historians had not yet had the chance to publish works about Korea in English and, when they finally did, the Japanese versions had become firmly entrenched in Western societies.
한국역사학자들은 한국에 대해 영어로 출판할 기회를 가지지 못했었다.그리고 그들이 마침내 그것을 하고자 했을 때는 이미 일본판 출판물이 서양사회에서 확고히 자리를 잡은 이후였다.

To this day, the Japanese version of history is taught as fact in many Western institutions of higher learning.
오늘날 , 일본판 한국역사가 많은 서양의 교육기관에서 사실로서 받아들여지고 있다.

I have personally sparred with Western Japanists over Korean history.
나는 개인적으로 한국의 역사에 대해 서양의 학자들과 논쟁을 벌여왔다.

Fortunately, many scholars have taken on the task of educating the world about Korea's true history.
다행히 한국의 진실된 역사를 세계에 교육하자는 과제를 많은 학자들에게 진지하게 받아들여졌다.

One very good source of information is the book by Wontack Hong, called Paekche of Korea and the Origin of Yamato Japan.
Wontack Hong 씨의 책( 백제와 일본 야마토의 기원)이 그 좋은 예이다.

It is available online athttp://gias.snu.ac.kr/wthong/publication/paekche/eng/paekch_e.html
그 책은 아래 온라인상에서도 볼수 있다

One organization I have recently come to know is VANK (Voluntary Agency Network of Korea). They are dedicated to, as they say on their web site, "enhancing the image of Korea in cyberspace". Hopefully, through the efforts of VANK and interested world scholars, Korea's true history will fully be known.

최근에 내가 알게된 단체, 사이버 외교사절단 반크.그들은 그들의 웹사이트에 소개된 대로 사이버상에서 한국의 이미지를 높이는데 헌신적인 기관이다. 희망적인것은, 반크의 노력으로, 그리고 세계 학자들의 노력으로 한국의 진실된 역사는 전세계에 널리 알려질 것이다

 

ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ

Unfortunately, when a country dominates another, the first thing lost is the truth. It is equally true that those who control a country also control its history. Such was the case of Korea, when it was occupied by Japan ( from 1910-1945 )

From the middle to late nineteenth century, near the close of the Chosun Dynasty, Japan had designs on the Korean peninsula, in its first step toward forming a Greater Japanese Empire. In order to get other nations to accept its eventual annexation and colonization of Korea, it first needed to establish historical precedent that it once controlled that country. To that end, Japan altered history, ranging from distorting historical facts all the way to downright fabricating them.Those fabrications have been well documented, but still many Western historians accept the distorted history of Korea as fact. How can that be?

When Korea finally opened its doors to the West, in 1882, after signing a treaty with the United States, then other countries, it was a relatively poor, technologically deficient country, in relation to Japan. Japan had opened up about three decades earlier and embraced Western technology and eagerly sought modernization. While Korea was, many centuries earlier, the big brother of Japan, it decayed into just a poor cousin with the dying Chosun Dynasty. Korea's introduction to the West was through Japan, so that country controlled what information about Korea was conveyed to other countries, to a great extent. When the annexation and colonization of Korea happened, the history of Korea, as written by Japan, was basically written in stone and accepted as the truth.

What are some of the fallacies about Korea? Probably, the biggest one is of 'Mimana', known in Korean as "Imna Ilbon Bu'. In reality, Imna was really no more than a Japanese trading post, during the Three Kingdoms Period, on the very southern tip of the Korean peninsula, near Pusan. According to the Japanese version, Imna mirrored the territory of the Kaya Federation. The Japanese even claim having subdued the Shilla Kingdom!

In reality, the Japanese, who allied themselves with Kaya and the Baekje Kingdom, were little more than mercenary pirates, from a country that, at that time, had no real central government and had severe feudal problems of their own. That is hardly a national military force capable of conquering another nation.

Archaeological and historical evidence has shown that, in actuality, Korea is largely responsible for the founding of the Japanese imperial family. Of course, it is not something that is widely accepted, or even discussed, in Japan.

Japan tried again to gain a foothold in Korea in the late sixteenth century, during the reign of Hideyoshi of Japan. Largely, Japan succeeded, but due to naval defeats, along with political upheavals at home, they gave up. Relative peace existed for the next two and a half centuries. Japan tried gaining influence in Korea, but was rebuffed time and time again. It wasn't until after the fall of the Daewongoon (the regent of Korea and father of future King Kojong) that Japan finally had its chance. In 1875, Japan launched an attack on Korea and in 1876 secured a treaty with that country. Just a few short years later, Western countries joined in and basically carved up the peninsula into spheres of influence.Korea's historic suzerain relationship with China was terminated, and Korea became a pawn in international geopolitics.

In 1905, Korea's sad fate was sealed when the United States and Japan agreed on regions of influence in the Taft-Katsura Memorandum. In return for recognizing Japan's control of Korea, Japan would likewise recognize the United States' control of the Philippines. When King Kojong tried to show to the world Japan's aggressive policy toward Korea, at the Peace Conference at The Hague, in 1907, Japan responded by forcing King Kojong to abdicate the throne. Korea was one step closer to not existing as a sovereign nation (and it really only had sovereignty then, in name only).

From that time on, Korea had no chance at all of showing to the world its true history. Japan now controlled the country, so it also controlled its history. The Japanese completely rewrote Korean history, and even Koreans themselves were forced to learn a very distorted version. Fortunately, for Korea and the world, Koreans would not so easily give up the truth. Though many records were lost or destroyed, many others survived.

Still, it is an uphill battle to change the world's perception of Korea and its history. Even though Japan lost World War Two militarily, it won the war economically and scholastically. Japan was quickly rebuilt with Western help, while Korea was, for the most part, forced to pull itself up by its own bootstraps. Korea was perceived by the rest of the world as a backward cesspool, while Japan, once the darling of Asia, was welcomed back into the fold of Westernized nations. The fratricidal war on the peninsula five years after WWII did not help the West's perception.

As Japan was seen as cultured and scholarly, and the histories written about Korea by Japanese sources were really the only ones in English, they continued to be accepted as factual. Korean historians had not yet had the chance to publish works about Korea in English and, when they finally did, the Japanese versions had become firmly entrenched in Western societies. To this day, the Japanese version of history is taught as fact in many Western institutions of higher learning. I have personally sparred with Western Japanists over Korean history.

Fortunately, many scholars have taken on the task of educating the world about Korea's true history.
One very good source of information is the book by Wontack Hong, called Paekche of Korea and the Origin of Yamato Japan. It is available online at.
http://gias.snu.ac.kr/wthong/publication/paekche/eng/paekch_e.html

One organization I have recently come to know is VANK (Voluntary Agency Network of Korea).
They are dedicated to, as they say on their web site, "enhancing the image of Korea in cyberspace".
Hopefully, through the efforts of VANK and interested world scholars, Korea's true history will fully be known.

Thomas Duvernay, Dong Guk University, Gyeongju Campus

http://www.shinmiyangyo.org
http://www.koreanarchery.org

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